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Linux命令行全部列表

alias Create an alias
awk Find and Replace text, database sort/validate/indexbreak Exit from a loop
builtin Run a shell builtin

cal Display a calendar
case Conditionally perform a commandcat Display the contents of a file
cd Change Directory
cfdisk Partition table manipulator for Linuxchgrp Change group ownershipchmod Change access permissionschown Change file owner and group
chroot Run a command with a different root directorycksum Print CRC checksum and byte counts
clear Clear terminal screen
cmp Compare two files

comm Compare two sorted files line by line
command Run a command - ignoring shell functions
continue Resume the next iteration of a loopcp Copy one or more files to another locationcron Daemon to execute scheduled commands
crontab Schedule a command to run at a later timecsplit Split a file into context-determined pieces
cut Divide a file into several parts

date Display or change the date & time
dc Desk Calculator
dd Data Dump - Convert and copy a file
declare Declare variables and give them attributesdf Display free disk spacediff Display the differences between two filesdiff3 Show differences among three filesdir Briefly list directory contents
dircolors Colour setup for `ls'dirname Convert a full pathname to just a path
dirs Display list of remembered directories
du Estimate file space usage

echo Display message on screen
ed A line-oriented text editor (edlin)
egrep Search file(s) for lines that match an extended expression
eject Eject CD-ROM
enable Enable and disable builtin shell commands
env Display, set, or remove environment variables
eval Evaluate several commands/arguments
exec Execute a command
exit Exit the shell
expand Convert tabs to spaces
export Set an environment variable
expr Evaluate expressions

factor Print prime factors
false Do nothing, unsuccessfully
fdformat Low-level format a floppy disk
fdisk Partition table manipulator for Linux
fgrep Search file(s) for lines that match a fixed string
find Search for files that meet a desired criteria
fmt Reformat paragraph text
fold Wrap text to fit a specified width.
for Expand words, and execute commands
format Format disks or tapes
free Display memory usage
fsck Filesystem consistency check and repair.
function Define Function Macros

gawk Find and Replace text within file(s)
getopts Parse positional parameters
grep Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern
groups Print group names a user is in
gzip Compress or decompress named file(s)

hash Remember the full pathname of a name argument
head Output the first part of file(s)history Command History
hostname Print or set system name

id Print user and group id's
if Conditionally perform a command
import Capture an X server screen and save the image to file
info Help info
install Copy files and set attributes

join Join lines on a common field

kill Stop a process from running

less Display output one screen at a time
let Perform arithmetic on shell variables
ln Make links between files
local Create variables
locate Find files
logname Print current login name
logout Exit a login shell
lpc Line printer control program
lpr Off line print
lprint Print a file
lprintd Abort a print job
lprintq List the print queue
lprm Remove jobs from the print queue
ls List information about file(s)

m4 Macro processor
man Help manual
mkdir Create new folder(s)
mkfifo Make FIFOs (named pipes)
mknod Make block or character special files
more Display output one screen at a time
mount Mount a file system
mtools Manipulate MS-DOS files
mv Move or rename files or directories

nice Set the priority of a command or job
nl Number lines and write files
nohup Run a command immune to hangups

passwd Modify a user password
paste Merge lines of files
pathchk Check file name portability
popd Restore the previous value of the current directory
pr Convert text files for printing
printcap Printer capability database
printenv Print environment variables
printf Format and print data
ps Process status
pushd Save and then change the current directory
pwd Print Working Directory

quota Display disk usage and limits
quotacheck Scan a file system for disk usage
quotactl Set disk quotas

ram ram disk device
rcp Copy files between two machines.
read read a line from standard input
readonly Mark variables/functions as readonly
remsync Synchronize remote files via email
return Exit a shell function
rm Remove files
rmdir Remove folder(s)
rpm Remote Package Manager
rsync Remote file copy (Synchronize file trees)

screen Terminal window manager
sdiff Merge two files interactively
sed Stream Editor
select Accept keyboard input
seq Print numeric sequences
set Manipulate shell variables and functions
shift Shift positional parameters
shopt Shell Options
shutdown Shutdown or restart linux
sleep Delay for a specified time
sort Sort text files
source Run commands from a file `.'
split Split a file into fixed-size pieces
su Substitute user identity
sum Print a checksum for a file
symlink Make a new name for a file
sync Synchronize data on disk with memory

tac Concatenate and write files in reverse
tail Output the last part of files
tar Tape ARchiver
tee Redirect output to multiple files
test Evaluate a conditional expression
time Measure Program Resource Use
times User and system times
touch Change file timestamps
top List processes running on the system
traceroute Trace Route to Host
trap Run a command when a signal is set(bourne)
tr Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters
true Do nothing, successfully
tsort Topological sort
tty Print filename of terminal on stdin
type Describe a command

ulimit Limit user resources
umask Users file creation mask
umount Unmount a device
unalias Remove an alias
uname Print system information
unexpand Convert spaces to tabs
uniq Uniquify files
units Convert units from one scale to another
unset Remove variable or function names
unshar Unpack shell archive scripts
until Execute commands (until error)
useradd Create new user account
usermod Modify user account
users List users currently logged in
uuencode Encode a binary file uudecode Decode a file created by uuencode

v Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')
vdir Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')
vi Text Editor

watch Execute/display a program periodically
wc Print byte, word, and line counts
whereis Report all known instances of a command
which Locate a program file in the user's path.
while Execute commands
who Print all usernames currently logged in
whoami Print the current user id and name (`id -un')

xargs Execute utility, passing constructed argument list(s)
yes Print a string until interrupted

.period Run commands from a file
### Comment / Remark

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关闭Linux系统铃声

装了Linux有一个多月了，主要是为了对抗微软的“黑屏”。其实本身而言我所处的地位相当尴尬。自己是学软件的，有一天自己写了软件，也不希望别人来盗版。可是偏偏微软的一套正版的Xp有相当的贵，自己的机器上只装得起盗版。

曾经装过好几次Linux，都是Fedora，这次朋友推荐了Ubuntu，确实适合我这种对于Linux来说还是门外汉的人。第一次装Linux，很小气的从120G的硬盘里面腾出了15G给Linux，后来每次从装都回多加5G，一直加到现在的50G。最初的Linux挤再一个分区上面，现在慢慢的还知道要分个区什么的。对Windows的依赖是越来越少了。

言归正传，刚安装好的Linux会不断的发出系统铃声，像我当年在Windows下面用MySQL一样。不过MySQL用起来毕竟是少数时候，再Linux下面用QQ都会发出“嘟嘟”的信号，有时候是廷影响心情的。再网上一顿找。找到了一个方法可以把Linux的系统铃声去掉。

方法一：终端直接输入

sudo modprobe -r pcspkr



使用

sudo modprobe pcspkr



可以将系统的声音再装回来。

方法二：在

/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist


这个文件后面加上blacklist pcspkr。

这样以后系统就不会再发出令人讨厌的声音了。

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为什么不回来写博客？

一个人在家里觉得空虚无聊，在网上找寻一些有意思的东西来刺激我的神经。在QQ上跟人聊天，觉得打字很有意思。

既然如此，干嘛不上自己的博客来打字呢？生命的信号要靠敲击键盘得以维持的话，不如让它在这里留下痕迹。生活的轨迹是很难琢磨的事情，走向也不掌握在自己的手里。曾经一度我很疯狂，很激情的坐在电脑前写博客，倾述自己对生活的理想。后来的一系列变化，情绪上的，让我自己都觉得惊讶。从前我很兴奋，觉得这个世界真好，有那么多经济，政治，工作，学习，生活，软件，文学，教育的东西可以发表看法。现在我很失望，因为上面说的这些东西，都没有我的分，我的意思是说，他们何去何从，我一点发言权都没有。

奥运会开始了，又结束了。我没有整个的看过一场比赛。关注了一下开闭幕，仅此而已。外面的世界，把我，或是被我，隔绝起来了。

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Google Chrome，我对你很期待

前天晚上我就迫不及待的下载了google chrome浏览器。在此之前看了很多有关的报道，冥冥中似乎觉得，这将会是个划时代的产品。从此浏览器市场要重新分地云云。

但是，实际的结果是，什么都没有想象想中的那样发生。确实有使网页内容很突出的UI，也有超乎常人想象的速度。但是留给我的，更多是期待：插件的推出，google toolbar的应用，和google自身网络应用的集成，还有大大小小的bug的改进，等等。

谁都不能一步登天，我不能，就连google也不能。

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放松

一个朋友跟我说：

放松一点。。放松才能找到你想要的，才能坚持你真正心中想要的

想了很对怎么对别人，我要学习怎么对自己，认真的对自己。我要试着去放松。

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后武林时代

前面的时间写了一篇不算武侠不算小说的武侠小说。故事情节基本没有怎么发展过，简单的很的故事。

写完了以后发现这世道根本已经变了，现在是个后武林时候。武林里明刀明枪的争斗变成了现在的勾心斗角，没戏了，世道变了，武功在好也没有用。所以最后我死了，怀里抱着一个女人，心里想着两个女人的死了。从前武林里的明刀明枪，也落到最后的暗箭难防。我当了人家的内奸，从背后捅了别人一剑。还是被人暗算了。

这一篇就当是跋，小说的名字，就叫它《后武林时代》。

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